Iffley, a village apart

Though technically within the boundaries of Oxford city, Iffley retains a distinct village charm and historical significance of its own, most notably through its remarkably well-preserved Norman church dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. Perched on the east bank of the River Thames (or, Isis in this stretch), Iffley sits safely above the river, approximately two miles downstream of Oxford.

The origins of Iffley can be traced back to the chronicles of Abingdon Abbey in the 940s, where it was referred to as Gifteleia. In the Domesday Book in 1086, it was called Givetelei, with "ley" likely deriving from the Saxon term for cleared ground. The name transitioned through Iftele in the 13th century and to Iffley in the 16th century. Evidence of even older settlements is abundant: a sixth-century Saxon brooch found in Iffley is now housed in the British Museum, while nearby Roman pottery sites and Neolithic artifacts hint at a site with a long history.

A timeless masterpiece 

Dating back to around 1160, Iffley Church is a prime example of Romanesque architecture in England, with many elements largely unchanged over the centuries. Lord of the manor at the time of, or soon after, its construction appears to be a Norman knight called Robert de St Remy, who acquired it perhaps via connections to the wealthy de Clinton family of Kenilworth Castle and Priory. The de Clintons maintained a claim on Iffley but by the early 13th century it was in the hands of the FitzNeil family. See British History Online for a thorough account of Iffley's owners.

West doorway with beakheads and chevrons. 

West doorway carvings

South doorway rosettes and carvings of fantastic beasts

The church is remarkable to this day. Its architecture showcases rounded arches, robust walls, and detailed carvings. The south doorway is particularly renowned for its elaborate carvings of biblical scenes and mythical creatures. The church's interior retains many original features, including Tournai marble, the Norman font, 13th century chancel vaulting and a rare 14th-century wooden pulpit.

Iffley through the ages

Iffley's rural character remained largely unchanged for centuries. A pound lock was constructed on the river around 1632, part of efforts to make the Thames navigable from Oxford. The lock was rebuilt in 1793, along with the stone bridge still there today, by the Thames Navigation Commission. By the 19th century, the medieval fields were enclosed, and the village began to attract residents due to its convenient location along the main Oxford to Henley road. Despite modern developments, particularly around Rose Hill, pockets of heritage endure, most notably along Mill Lane and Church Way.

Iffley offers a lovely glimpse into England's medieval history. Indeed in 1839 the church was sketched by JMW Turner. Conservation efforts have ensured that the its structural integrity and cultural significance are preserved for future generations.